4 Host, 96T, apoptosis, array, Assay, Bacteria Pig Pigeon, Bafilomycin A1, Blocking, Ch 223191, Choline Acetyltransferase Antibody, Deoxycholic Acid Sodium Salt, Glycodeoxycholic Acid, GMO, Goat, Green, Guinea, Mip 1B, Pamabrom 100Mg, Pepstatin A, Phospho 4Ebp1, Tubastatin A

Copper Isotopes and Copper to Zinc Ratio as Possible Biomarkers for Thyroid Cancer

by Andrew Green
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer. There is no systematic screening for such cancer, and the current challenge is to find potential biomarkers to facilitate an early diagnosis. Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are essential micronutrients involved in the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, and changes in their concentrations have been observed in the development of cancer.
Previous studies have highlighted the potential 65Cu/63Cu ratio (δ65Cu) to be a cancer biomarker. This study tests its sensitivity on plasma samples (n = 46) of Algerian patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma and a set of corresponding biopsies (n = 11). The δ65Cu ratio in blood and tumor samples was determined using multi collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS), and their corresponding Cu and Zn plasma total concentrations using total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF).
Plasma concentrations of Cu were significantly higher (1346.1 ± 328.3 vs. 1060.5 ± 216.1 μg/L, p < 0.0001), and Zn significantly lower (942.1 ± 205.2 vs. 1027.9 ± 151.4 μg/L, p < 0.05) in thyroid cancer patients as compared to healthy controls (n = 50). Accordingly, the Cu/Zn ratio was significantly different between patients and controls (1.5 ± 0.4 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the δ65Cu plasma levels of patients were significantly lower than healthy controls (p < 0.0001), whereas thyroid tumor tissues presented high δ65Cu values. These results support the hypothesis that Cu isotopes and plasma trace elements may serve as suitable biomarkers of thyroid cancer diagnosis.

Visualization of DNA replication in single chromosome by stable isotope labeling

Among the inheritance of cellular components during cell division, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and its condensate (chromosome) are conventionally visualized using chemical tag-labeled nucleotide analogs. However, associated mutagenesis with nucleotide analogs in the visualization of chromosomes is cause for concern. This study investigated the efficiency of using stable isotope labels in visualizing the replicating cultured human cell-chromosomes, in the absence of analog labels, at a high spatial resolution of 100 nm.
The distinct carbon isotope ratio between sister chromatids reflected the semi-conservative replication of individual DNA strands through cell cycles and suggested the renewal of histone molecules in daughter chromosomes. Thus, this study provides a new, powerful approach to trace and visualize cellular components with stable-isotope labeling.Key Words: stable isotope, chromosome replication, semi-conservative replication, imaging, mass spectrometry.

A high temperature water vapor equilibration method to determine non-exchangeable hydrogen isotope ratios of sugar, starch, and cellulose

The analysis of the non-exchangeable hydrogen isotope ratio (δ2 Hne ) in carbohydrates is mostly limited to the structural component cellulose, while simple high-throughput methods for δ2 Hne values of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) such as sugar and starch do not yet exist. Here we tested if the hot vapor equilibration method originally developed for cellulose is applicable for NSC, verified by comparison with the traditional nitration method.
We set up a detailed analytical protocol and applied the method to plant extracts of leaves from species with different photosynthetic pathways (i.e., C3 , C4 , CAM). δ2 Hne of commercial sugars and starch from different classes and sources, ranging from -157.8 to +6.4‰, were reproducibly analysed with a precision between 0.2 and 7.7‰. Mean δ2 Hne values of sugar are lowest in C3 (-92.0‰), intermediate in C4(-32.5‰), and highest in CAM plants (6.0‰), with NSC being 2 H-depleted compared to cellulose and sugar being generally more 2 H-enriched than starch.
Our results suggest that our method can be used in future studies to disentangle 2 H-fractionation processes, for improving mechanistic δ2 Hne models for leaf and tree-ring cellulose, and for further development of δ2 Hne in plant carbohydrates as a potential proxy for climate, hydrology, plant metabolism and physiology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
isotope
isotope

Rapid analysis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) isotopologues in stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) using direct infusion nanoelectrospray ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry (DI-nESI-UHR-FTMS)

S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) are important metabolites in the one-carbon cycle that modulates cellular methylation required for proliferation and epigenetic regulation. Their concentrations, synthesis, and turnover are difficult to determine conveniently and reliably. We have developed such a method by coupling a simple and rapid purification scheme that efficiently captures both compounds, with high sensitivity, sample throughput direct infusion nanoelectrospray ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry (DI-nESI-UHR-FTMS). This method is compatible with Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomic (SIRM) analysis of numerous other metabolites.
The limits of detection for both SAM and SAH were <1 nM, and the linearity range was up to 1000 nM. The method was first illustrated for SAM/SAH analysis of mouse livers, and lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. We then applied the method to track 13C1-CH3-Met incorporation into SAM and 13C6-glucose transformation into SAM and SAH via de novo synthesis. We further used the method to show the distinct effects on A549 and H1299 cells with treatment of anti-cancer methylseleninic acid (MSA), selenite, and selenomethionine, notably SAM depletion and increased SAM to SAH ratio by MSA, which implicates altered epigenetic regulation.

Novel nickel isolation procedure for a wide range of sample matrices without using dimethylglyoxime for isotope measurements using MC-ICP-MS

Nickel isotope ratios have traditionally been used as an important tracer in cosmochemistry, and recently, it has gained attention in geochemistry, biochemistry, and environmental sciences with the development of MC-ICP-MS. Purification of Ni before isotope measurement is mandatory for obtaining precise data, which has been commonly achieved with ion-exchange chromatography, employing dimethylglyoxime (DMG) as a chelating agent for Ni.
  1. However, it has been pointed out that the use of DMG can adversely affect the isotope measurement due to insufficient Ni recovery and mass bias during measurement caused by the remaining DMG. Ni isolation procedures without the usage of DMG were innovated, but they have disadvantages such as the necessity of complex separation methods, high Ni blank, and matrix-dependent Ni recovery.
  2. Here, we present a simple Ni isolation procedure without using DMG but with the aid of oxalic acid along with common inorganic acids, achieving near-complete recovery of Ni with low blanks [0.7 ± 0.3 ng (2SD, n = 4)] only using three ion exchange column steps.
  3. To validate our method and strengthen the Ni isotope database of reference materials, 60Ni/58Ni of 20 geological reference materials, covering wide matrix compositions, were measured by MC-ICP-MS using the double-spike method.
  4. The results have shown that high recovery of Ni, independent of the sample matrix elements was achieved (98 ± 4%) and the 60Ni/58Ni was measured with a 2SD of 0.006-0.084‰ from samples containing 100-200 ng Ni.

PTH Parathyroid Hormone (1-84) Human Recombinant Protein
PROTP01270-4 Regular: 0.5mg
EUR 818.4
Description: Parathyroid Hormone 1-84 (full length) Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 84 amino acids, having an MW of ~10kDa.;The PTH is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

PTH Parathyroid Hormone (7-34) Human Recombinant Protein
PROTQ03431 Regular: 0.5mg
EUR 818.4
Description: Parathyroid Hormone Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 28 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 3380 Dalton. ;The PTH is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
4-RPA866Bo01
  • EUR 560.83
  • EUR 273.60
  • EUR 1773.12
  • EUR 671.04
  • EUR 1222.08
  • EUR 451.20
  • EUR 4252.80
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Bovine Parathyroid Hormone expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
4-RPA866Ga01
  • EUR 571.58
  • EUR 276.00
  • EUR 1813.44
  • EUR 684.48
  • EUR 1248.96
  • EUR 458.40
  • EUR 4353.60
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Chicken Parathyroid Hormone expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
4-RPA866Hu01
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
4-RPA866Mu01
  • EUR 590.94
  • EUR 282.00
  • EUR 1886.02
  • EUR 708.67
  • EUR 1297.34
  • EUR 470.40
  • EUR 4535.04
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Mouse Parathyroid Hormone expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
4-RPA866Po01
  • EUR 623.20
  • EUR 290.40
  • EUR 2006.98
  • EUR 748.99
  • EUR 1377.98
  • EUR 492.00
  • EUR 4837.44
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Pig Parathyroid Hormone expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
4-RPA866Ra01
  • EUR 571.58
  • EUR 276.00
  • EUR 1813.44
  • EUR 684.48
  • EUR 1248.96
  • EUR 458.40
  • EUR 4353.60
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Rat Parathyroid Hormone expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43179-100ug 100ug
EUR 517

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43179-1mg 1mg
EUR 2293.2

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43179-50ug 50ug
EUR 415.8

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43180-100ug 100ug
EUR 431.2

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43180-1mg 1mg
EUR 1911

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43180-50ug 50ug
EUR 346.5

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43181-100ug 100ug
EUR 540.1

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43181-1mg 1mg
EUR 2392

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43181-50ug 50ug
EUR 433.4

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43182-100ug 100ug
EUR 576.4

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43182-1mg 1mg
EUR 2555.8

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43182-50ug 50ug
EUR 463.1

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43183-100ug 100ug
EUR 517

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43183-1mg 1mg
EUR 2293.2

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU43183-50ug 50ug
EUR 415.8

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU51751-100ug 100ug
EUR 504.9

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU51751-1mg 1mg
EUR 2238.6

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU51751-50ug 50ug
EUR 405.9

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU56847-100ug 100ug
EUR 470.4

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU56847-1mg 1mg
EUR 2184

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
RPU56847-50ug 50ug
EUR 385

Recombinant Human PTH 1-84/Parathyroid hormone/Parathormone Protein
RP00477 10 μg
EUR 219.6

Recombinant Human PTH 1-84/Parathyroid hormone/Parathormone Protein
E40KMP1621 20ug
EUR 495

Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone/PTH (N-8His)
CB42-10ug 10ug
EUR 151.2
Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH7.4.

Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone/PTH (N-8His)
CB42-1mg 1mg
EUR 1886.4
Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH7.4.

Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone/PTH (N-8His)
CB42-500ug 500ug
EUR 1338
Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH7.4.

Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone/PTH (N-8His)
CB42-50ug 50ug
EUR 242.4
Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH7.4.

PTH Parathyroid Hormone (1-84) N15 Labeled Human Recombinant Protein
PROTP01270 Regular: 20ug
EUR 380.4
Description: PTH (1-84) N15 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 84 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 9550 Dalton labeled by the stable isotope N15.;The PTH (1-84) N15 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

PTH Parathyroid Hormone (7-84) N15 Labeled Human Recombinant Protein
PROTP01270-2 Regular: 20ug
EUR 380.4
Description: PTH (7-84) N15 Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 78 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 8900 Dalton labeled by the stable isotope N15.

Recombinant (E.Coli) Human Parathyroid Hormone (PTH, 1-34)
RP-591 50 ug
EUR 489.6

Recombinant (E.Coli) Human Parathyroid Hormone (PTH, 1-84)
RP-597 50 ug
EUR 489.6

Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone/Parathormone/PTH (1-84)
C010-10ug 10ug
EUR 187.2
Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 10mM HAc-NaAc, 150mM NaCl, 5% Mannitol, pH 4.0.

Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone/Parathormone/PTH (1-84)
C010-1mg 1mg
EUR 2203.2
Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 10mM HAc-NaAc, 150mM NaCl, 5% Mannitol, pH 4.0.

Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone/Parathormone/PTH (1-84)
C010-500ug 500ug
EUR 1557.6
Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 10mM HAc-NaAc, 150mM NaCl, 5% Mannitol, pH 4.0.

Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone/Parathormone/PTH (1-84)
C010-50ug 50ug
EUR 442.8
Description: Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of 10mM HAc-NaAc, 150mM NaCl, 5% Mannitol, pH 4.0.

Recombinant (E. coli) Human Parathyroid Hormone PTH, (7-34) (>95%)
RP-598 50 ug
EUR 270

Human Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Protein
20-abx068425
  • EUR 693.60
  • EUR 309.60
  • EUR 2064.00
  • EUR 828.00
  • EUR 510.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 50 ug

Recombinant Macaca fascicularis Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
RPC27546-100ug 100ug
EUR 801.9

Recombinant Macaca fascicularis Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
RPC27546-1mg 1mg
EUR 2885.2

Recombinant Macaca fascicularis Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
RPC27546-20ug 20ug
EUR 448.1

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
4-RPA819Bo01
  • EUR 588.79
  • EUR 280.80
  • EUR 1877.95
  • EUR 705.98
  • EUR 1291.97
  • EUR 469.20
  • EUR 4514.88
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Bovine Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
4-RPA819Ca01
  • EUR 528.58
  • EUR 265.20
  • EUR 1652.16
  • EUR 630.72
  • EUR 1141.44
  • EUR 429.60
  • EUR 3950.40
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Dog Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
4-RPA819Ga01
  • EUR 528.58
  • EUR 265.20
  • EUR 1652.16
  • EUR 630.72
  • EUR 1141.44
  • EUR 429.60
  • EUR 3950.40
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Chicken Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
4-RPA819Hu01
  • EUR 442.56
  • EUR 242.40
  • EUR 1329.60
  • EUR 523.20
  • EUR 926.40
  • EUR 372.00
  • EUR 3144.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Human Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
4-RPA819Mu01
  • EUR 603.84
  • EUR 285.60
  • EUR 1934.40
  • EUR 724.80
  • EUR 1329.60
  • EUR 480.00
  • EUR 4656.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Mouse Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
4-RPA819Ra01
  • EUR 496.32
  • EUR 256.80
  • EUR 1531.20
  • EUR 590.40
  • EUR 1060.80
  • EUR 408.00
  • EUR 3648.00
  • 100 ug
  • 10ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 500 ug
  • 50ug
  • 5 mg
Description: Recombinant Rat Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein expressed in: E.coli

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43184-100ug 100ug
EUR 369.6

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43184-1mg 1mg
EUR 1638

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43184-50ug 50ug
EUR 297

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43185-100ug 100ug
EUR 554.4

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43185-1mg 1mg
EUR 2457

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43185-50ug 50ug
EUR 445.5

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43186-100ug 100ug
EUR 431.2

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43186-1mg 1mg
EUR 1911

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43186-50ug 50ug
EUR 346.5

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43187-100ug 100ug
EUR 468.6

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43187-1mg 1mg
EUR 2074.8

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43187-50ug 50ug
EUR 376.2

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43188-100ug 100ug
EUR 468.6

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43188-1mg 1mg
EUR 2074.8

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU43188-50ug 50ug
EUR 376.2

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU52813-100ug 100ug
EUR 537.9

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU52813-1mg 1mg
EUR 2380.3

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU52813-50ug 50ug
EUR 431.2

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU58654-100ug 100ug
EUR 604.8

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU58654-1mg 1mg
EUR 2808

Recombinant Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP)
RPU58654-50ug 50ug
EUR 470.3